Barbarian peoples in the Carpathian Basin
European Museums, Budapest History Museum, Hungary"Barbarian" peoples in the Carpathian Basin
While Rome was in the midst of organizing its new province to the west of the Danube, new conquerors from the eastern steppes, the Sarmatians, settled on the other side of the river. These people, who spoke an Iranian language and were related to the Scythians, gradually superseded the Dacian kingdom that had extended its political influence over a part of the Great Hungarian Plain. (The limits of the new Sarmatian territory were marked by the so-called Csörsz Ditch, constructed much later, comprising a 1260 km-long system of earthworks and ditches.) Sarmatian history is characterised by ongoing warfare against the Romans and extensive trade activity during more peaceful times. Their regular allies were Germanic peoples who settled north of the Sarmatian territory. The Quadi, who belonged to the Western Germanic branch, had lived in the Carpathian Basin since the beginning of the first century A.D.
The end of the second century A.D. brought a break in Roman-Barbarian relations. This was the period of the so-called Marcomannic Wars which lasted for several decades, in the course of which the Roman Empire and various Barbarian - Germanic and Sarmatian - tribes fought against each other in deadly battles. This was also the time when the Vandali, an Eastern Germanic tribe, migrated from the territory of present-day Poland to the borders of Dacia and settled in the territory east of the Quadi and north-east of the Sarmatians.
In the first half of the first millennium A.D., related tribes - Jazygi, Roxolani and Alani, grouped under the name of Sarmatians - followed each other from the East. Some of them moved on towards the West and appeared in various parts of Europe. The Alans reached even North Africa.
The joint history of the Roman province and the Sarmatian-Germanic Barbaricum came to an end when the waves of the Great Migration, which had begun at the end of the fourth century A.D., reached the Carpathian Basin. The population inhabiting the region merged with the new conquerors and lived on to see the Hungarian conquest.
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