Polist lands age of iron
European Museums, National Museum In Warsaw, PolandPolist lands age of iron
Around 200 BC the Polish lands fully entered the age of iron. From this time onwards iron which used to be imported in the past started to be smelted locally. It became readily available not only for manufacturing fine quality personal ornaments but also for making tools and weapons. This happened thanks to the Celts - the first people of central Europe to take advantage of the achievements of the Mediterranean civilization to develop their own unique culture. Their main territory was in central and western Europe (today's Austria, Switzerland, France, later, also Spain and the British Isles). Celts also occupied a part of the central-eastern and southern Europe (Bohemia, Hungary, the Balkans).
Celts arrived to the territory of Polish lands after crossing the Carpathian and the Sudety mountain ranges. They settled in Silesia (after 400 BC) and in the region around Krakow (ca 200 BC). Their strong influence led in early 2nd c. BC to the collapse of the existing and the rise of a new culture situation. Celtic civilization made the strongest impact on Przeworsk culture, a culture unit which occupied most of Poland.
The Celts were one of the first peoples from outside the sphere of Mediterranean civilization to strike their own coinage, silver and gold. They modeled their first issues on Greek and Roman coins but creatively transformed the original images according to their own unique style.
The main weapons of the Celtic warrior were a two-edged sword and spear. The sword was worn suspended on a belt of chain links, which in a later period was replaced by a leather belt fastened with a clasp or a ring.
The favorite motifs in Celtic art were ornaments of interlaced curved lines and various, at times quite complicated, designs which often covered the entire surface of an object.
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