Mongols and Il-Khans (1256-1353) in Iran
Germany, Museum Island, Berlin, Pergamon MuseumMongols and Il-Khāns (1256-1353) in Iran
Mongolian tribes under Chingiz Khän first devastated Central Asia, Afghanistan and northern Iran in 1218-1223. They finally conquered the Islamic world under the leadership of Hülägü (a grandson of Chingiz Khân). The conquest of Baghdad in 1258, brought to an end the Abbasid caliphate. Destroying all that stood in their way, the Mongols were only finally stopped by the Mamluk army at 'Ain Jalüț in Palestine in 1260. In Iran, Hülägü founded the dynasty of the Il-Khans.
The arts and sciences underwent a renaissance under the Il-Khans, who especially fostered Persian historiography, mathematics, astronomy (there were observatories near Tabriz and Maragha) and medicine. The poet of The Rose Garden, Sa'di, composed his works in Shiraz. The capitals were Tabriz and the newly founded city of Sultaniyya. The summer palace of Abaqa Khân (1262-1282), who sent envoys to Europe, was excavated by the German Archaeological Institute on the Takht-i Sulayman in north-west Iran. The Venetian traveller Marco Polo gave an account of life in the Mongolian empire in the 13th century.
It was not until 1296 that the Mongolian rulers became Muslims. Through the Mongols, Chinese motifs such as the dragon, the phoenix, the lotus blossom and the peony, were introduced into Islamic art. Despite the assimilation of these new motifs, the artistic traditions of the Seljuqs persisted. Kashan remained the centre for luxury ceramics. A treatise (dating from 1301) by Abū l'Qāsim provides unique information about raw materials and techniques.
Mongolian tribes under Chingiz Khan first devastated Central Asia, Afghanistan and northern Iran in 1218-1223.
Taken on Wednesday 07th of August 2019
Device: Google
Model: Pixel 3 XL
Source: Berlin, Germany
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